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Last Updated: Nov 17th, 2006 - 22:35:04
Systematic Review
Journal of Pediatrics

Diabetes Channel
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Latest Research : Endocrinology : Diabetes

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Type 2 diabetes is increasing among children worldover
May 11, 2005, 13:27, Reviewed by: Dr.

The rising percentages among certain ethnic groups are particularly striking. For example, 80% of new cases of pediatric diabetes in Japan and 70% of new cases among Native Americans are classified as type 2 diabetes. The Pima Indians in Central Arizona have the world's highest recorded rate of type 2 diabetes in adults, in addition to high rates of obesity. The authors observe that there is a close tie between the rate of type 2 diabetes among adults in a specific population and the appearance of it in children and adolescents.

 
Obesity rates are continuing to rise among both children and adults worldwide. Obesity is a risk factor for development of a variety of complications, including type 2 diabetes, and an increase in the rates of such obesity-associated diseases has been seen among adults. However, a review article in the May issue of The Journal of Pediatrics reports that the rate of type 2 diabetes among children worldwide also appears to have increased significantly over the last 15 years.

Weight gain, poor nutrition, and lack of exercise reduce the action of insulin--a hormone that allows sugar to enter cells where it can be used for energy--a condition called insulin resistance. Initially, the body compensates for the resistance by increasing production. However, over time the ability of the pancreas to increase production doesn't keep up and blood sugar begins to rise, leading eventually to type 2 diabetes.

Orit Pinhas-Hamiel, M.D. of Sheba Medical Center in Israel and Philip Zeitler, M.D., Ph.D. of the University of Colorado reviewed articles and reports on type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents between 1978 and 2004. Although the review is limited to published data only, they found that type 2 diabetes accounts for up to 45% of new cases among adolescents. The authors cite higher percentages in areas such as New York, Taiwan, New Zealand, and Canada.

The rising percentages among certain ethnic groups are particularly striking. For example, 80% of new cases of pediatric diabetes in Japan and 70% of new cases among Native Americans are classified as type 2 diabetes. The Pima Indians in Central Arizona have the world's highest recorded rate of type 2 diabetes in adults, in addition to high rates of obesity. The authors observe that there is a close tie between the rate of type 2 diabetes among adults in a specific population and the appearance of it in children and adolescents.

This review of the medical literature emphasizes that obesity-related illness is rapidly becoming a global problem. The occurrence of these disorders among children and adolescents emphasizes the degree to which lifestyles have deteriorated and the urgent need to begin to develop strategies to reverse these changes.
 

- "The global spread of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents" by Orit Pinhas-Hamiel, M.D. and Philip Zeitler, M.D., Ph.D. The article appears in The Journal of Pediatrics, Volume 146, Number 5 (May 2005), published by Elsevier.
 

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The Journal of Pediatrics is a primary reference for the science and practice of pediatrics and its subspecialties. This authoritative resource of original, peer-reviewed articles oriented toward clinical practice helps physicians stay abreast of the latest and ever-changing developments in pediatric medicine. The Journal of Pediatrics ranks in the top 12% of the 5,907 scientific journals receiving the most citations (Science Citation Index). The Journal is published under the Mosby imprint by Elsevier, a leading global publisher of scientific, technical, and medical journals, books, and reference works. It is a member of the Reed Elsevier plc group.

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