New way of studying sperm function
Sep 20, 2005 - 10:11:00 PM
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We created green sperm to show this approach could work. But our real aim is to use this technique to study the function of genes that are important during fertilization and that may cause infertility if they become defective. Thats an important goal given that a recent study found that one in seven British couples have fertility problems and a third of these have an unknown cause.
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By University of Oxford,
[RxPG] A new way of studying sperm function has been developed which will aid research into male infertility.
An international team led by Oxford researchers has shown for the first time that it is possible to introduce a synthetic gene (a transgene) directly into a normal, live animal in such a way that the gene is expressed in mature sperm.
The new method could be extremely important for fertility research because it allows many different aspects of gene function in sperm to be studied. The study showed that the gene coding for a fluorescent green protein, originally taken from a jellyfish, could be introduced into sperm precursor cells within the testicles of a hamster, resulting in green, glowing sperm. Hamsters were used in the study because their sperm have many attributes in common with those of humans, and thus offer an excellent model for studying human sperm development and how defects in this process might result in infertility.
The scientist leading the study, Dr John Parrington of the Department of Pharmacology in Oxford, said: We created green sperm to show this approach could work. One of the areas that Dr Parringtons team in Oxford are studying is the mechanism by which sperm activate eggs; that is, how a sperm by entering an egg triggers it to develop into an embryo rather than remaining in a state of suspended animation. This method of creating genetically modified sperm will aid their research, with important implications for understanding male infertility. It is also likely to be widely used by other scientists working in the field of gene function in sperm.
The technique may also offer the possibility of a new way of creating genetically modified animals for all sorts of other research. Currently, genetically modified mice are created by introducing transgenes into an egg. However, this method is relatively inefficient, and so far attempts to use it to create genetically modified versions of important model species such as hamsters and guinea pigs have failed.
Creating the transgenic animals from transgenic sperm (in other words genetically modifying the sperm and then fertilizing a normal egg with it) might on the one hand help to reduce the numbers of mice used in medical research, and on the other hand, open up the possibility of studying gene function in species that are better models than mice for studying certain human diseases.
Publication:
In Vivo Gene Transfer by Electroporation Allows Expression of a Fluorescent Transgene in Hamster Testis and Epididymal Sperm and Has No Adverse Effects upon Testicular Integrity or Sperm Quality by Olivia Hibbitt, Kevin Coward, Hiroki Kubota, Nilendran Prathalingham, William Holt, Kenjiro Kohri, and John Parrington is pubished online by Biology of Reproduction
On the web:
www.biolreprod.org 
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